Elemental analysis of cemented carbides by calibration-free portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

The process of cemented carbides manufacturing requires rapid and field elemental analytical techniques to control and evaluate the properties of products. Calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) is such a potential elemental analytical technique. In this work, a portable LIBS instrument combined with a CF method was developed for the analysis of cemented carbides. Three batches of cemented compact carbides without reference samples were analyzed. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the samples were achieved by using the portable LIBS instrument combined with CF method. To validate the analysis results, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) was used to analyze the samples as well. The results of CF-LIBS agreed well with the results of XRF, with relative errors between ?29.53 and 24.70%. The results demonstrated that the portable LIBS instrument combined with CF method was capable for direct and rapid analysis without any need of standard measurements. Notably, with the portable LIBS instrument combined with CF method, acceptable accuracy could be obtained, which is promising for practical field applications.     

A comparative study on pyrolysis reactivity and gas release characteristics of biomass and coal using TG-MS analysis

Pyrolysis reactivity and gas release characteristics of biomass and coals were comparatively investigated using TG-MS. In addition, chemical compositions and structures of tested samples were determined to correlate pyrolysis gas release characteristic. It was found that pyrolysis reactivity and gaseous product release were hardly varied with pyrolysis heating rate. Furthermore, pyrolysis rates of two biomass samples were greater than those of coals, which were mainly attributed to the chemical compositions and the gaseous product evolution process. The result also showed that gaseous product release during pyrolysis process was related to the presence of different functional groups in samples.     

多铜氧化酶在大肠杆菌中的分泌表达

生物胺是存在于发酵食品中的一类有机物，过量摄入会危害人体健康。多铜氧化酶中的某些酶具有降解多种生物胺的活性，在减控发酵食品中的氨(胺)类危害物方面具有良好的应用前景。研究多铜氧化酶的分泌表达，对酶的特性改造和工业化生产与应用具有重要意义。本研究通过在解淀粉芽孢杆菌来源的多铜氧化酶N端融合信号肽PhoA实现了多铜氧化酶在大肠杆菌中的分泌表达，胞外酶活为69.8 U/L。通过优化诱导条件和酶的分泌确定了多铜氧化酶最优发酵条件为诱导温度25℃、IPTG浓度0.05 mmol/L、诱导时菌体OD600=1.0、诱导6 h后添加150 mmol/L甘氨酸；发酵40 h时胞外多铜氧化酶酶活达到238.1 U/L，是优化前的3.4倍。     

Effect of laver powder on textual,rheological properties and water distribution of squid (Dosidicus gigas) surimi gel

In order to ameliorate the gel quality of Dosidicus gigas surimi, the effects of laver powder on gel properties, rheological properties, and water-holding capacity (WHC) were investigated. Results indicated that the addition of laver powder could significantly increase the hardness, chewiness, and breaking force of surimi gels. However, the texture indexes and gel strength began to decline when additional amount exceeded 0.6%. Rheological results demonstrated that the addition of laver powder increased the storage modulus (G′) and viscosity of surimi, prolonged protein denaturation temperature in surimi gels. Moreover, the WHC of surimi gel was improved with the increase of laver powder. Further analyses in low-field nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that laver powder could shorten the transverse relaxation time, enhanced the combination with water, and altered the distribution of different water categories. The proportion of bound water and immobilized water reached its maximum and minimum at 0.6% of laver powder, respectively. Correlation analyses showed that WHC of surimi gel was negatively correlated well with the proportion of loose-bound water, but positively correlated with the strong-bound water and free water. In conclusion, the results supported that 0.6% was the optimal additional amount of laver powder for the squid-based surimi production based on the current ingredients of surimi products.     

Effect of annealing atmosphere on the structure and dielectric properties of unfilled tungsten bronze ceramics Ba4PrFe0.5Nb9.5O30

Unfilled tungsten bronze ceramics with the nominal formula Ba₄PrFe_0.5Nb_9.5O₃₀ were synthesized via the standard solid-state sintering route, and the effects of oxygen vacancies on the dielectric and electrical properties were investigated in addition to the structure. Room-temperature X-ray diffraction showed that the N₂-annealed sample had the largest cell volume. Low-temperature spectrum showed that N₂ annealing rendered the dielectric constant and dielectric loss more frequency dispersive, whereas O₂ annealing inhibited the frequency dispersion. The dc conductivity of all the samples originated from the electrons produced in the second ionization of oxygen vacancies and was most likely controlled by a mixed conduction mechanism of the electron and oxygen-vacancy ions. The N₂-annealed sample has the highest dc conductivity owing to its high concentration of oxygen vacancies. The broadening of the Raman lines and the decrease of Raman intensity for the N₂-annealed sample originated from a significant structural disorder. X-ray photoelectron spectra demonstrated that the increased oxygen vacancies caused by the change of valences of Fe and Pr ions contributed to the structural disorder.     

改进RetinaFace的自然场景口罩佩戴检测算法

新型冠状病毒可以通过空气中的飞沫、气溶胶等载体进行传播，在公共场所下正确佩戴口罩可以有效地防止病毒的传播。提出了一种自然场景下人脸口罩佩戴检测方法，对RetinaFace算法进行了改进，增加了人脸口罩佩戴检测任务，优化了损失函数。在特征金字塔网络中引入了一种改进的自注意力机制，增强了特征图的表达能力。建立了包含3 000张图片的数据集，并进行手工标注，用于网络训练。实验结果表明该算法可以有效进行口罩佩戴检测，在自然场景视频中也取得了不错的检测效果。     

改进的多层感知机在客户流失预测中的应用

针对在传统的客户流失预测数据预处理中，使用one-hot编码处理离散属性导致数据维度增加及数据过于稀疏的问题，提出了两种基于多层感知机的改进后的客户流失预测模型。其主要思想是分别使用堆叠自编码器和实体嵌入两种方法对多层感知机进行改进，通过将离散属性的高维编码数据向低维空间映射，有效地减少了one-hot编码产生的稀疏数据，增加了离散属性值之间的关联度。在对两份公开的数据集进行交叉验证后的实验结果表明，改进后的模型既有效地提高了预测的准确度，又维持了传统多层感知机模型在并行化计算方面的优势。